The whole process of Petroleum Exploration and Development – Seismic Exploration

Reflected wave seismic method is a very important exploration method in geophysical exploration.Seismic exploration is a method to explore underground geological conditions by using the propagation law of seismic waves generated by artificial excitation in different elastic strata.Seismic wave in the process of underground transmission, local rock layer of elastic parameters change, thus cause changes in seismic wave field, and reflection, refraction and transmission phenomenon, through the artificial seismic waves, after receiving change after data processing and interpretation to the performance of the underground geological structure and lithology, geological prospecting.Seismic exploration methods can be divided into three categories: reflected wave method, refracted wave method and transmitted wave method. At present, seismic exploration is mainly based on reflected wave method.

Three links of seismic exploration:

The first link is the field collection work.The task of this link is to arrange survey lines in the exploration areas initially determined by geological work and other geophysical exploration work that are promising for oil and gas, stimulate seismic waves artificially, and record the propagation of seismic waves with field seismographs.The result of this phase was a digital “tape” of ground vibrations, organized in the form of a seismic team.Field production is divided into experimental stage and production stage, the main content is to stimulate seismic waves, receiving seismic waves.

The second link is indoor data processing.The task of this link is to carry out various processing work on the original data obtained in the field, and the results are “seismic profile” and seismic wave velocity and frequency data.

The third link is the interpretation of seismic data.The task of this link is to apply the theory of seismic wave propagation and the principle of petroleum geology, integrate the geological and drilling data, conduct in-depth analysis and research on the seismic section, explain the lithology and geological age of the strata, and explain the characteristics of underground geological structure.To draw structural maps and other comprehensive analysis maps reflecting some major horizons;Find out the traps that contain oil and gas and put forward the well location for drilling.